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Despite numerous denuclearization pledges - including one made during Roh’s presidency - North Korea still maintains its nuclear weapons program which it views as a means of survival. Ties between the two Koreas have since suffered ups and downs. Relations with North Korea improved under Roh, with the two sides holding their first-ever prime ministers’ talks, adopting a landmark joint statement on denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and joining the United Nations at the same time.Įarlier, Roh oversaw the hosting of the 1988 Summer Games in Seoul, the final Olympics of the Cold War era that showed how South Korea had rebuilt itself from the ashes of the 1950-53 Korean War. Roh’s government established relations with the Soviet Union in 1990 and with China in 1992. South Korea was then deeply anti-communist because of its rivalry with North Korea, but under Roh it opened diplomatic relations with a communist nation for the first time - Hungary in 1989, the year when the Berlin Wall fell and communism crumbled across Eastern Europe. But a massive pro-democracy uprising in 1987 forced Roh and Chun to accept a direct presidential election that was regarded as the start of South Korea’s transition to democracy.ĭespite his military background, Roh built a moderate and genial image during the campaign, calling himself an “average person.” He eventually won the hotly contested election in December 1987, largely thanks to a split in liberal votes between opposition candidates Kim Young-sam and Kim Dae-jung, who both later became presidents.ĭuring his five-year term, Roh aggressively pursued ties with communist nations under his “Northward Diplomacy” as communism fell in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union dissolved. Roh was Chun’s hand-picked successor, which would have assured him the presidency in an easy indirect election. In the following year, the military under Chun and other coup leaders launched a bloody crackdown on pro-democracy protesters in the southern city of Gwangju, killing about 200 people, in one of the darkest moments in South Korea's turbulent modern history.

Roh led his army division into Seoul and joined other military leaders for operations to seize the capital.